Mildrith, Princess of Kent and Mercia


Shrine of St MildrithShrine of St Mildrith containing her relics in the chapel at the Priory of St Mildred, founded in 1937 on the site of the Abbey of Saints Peter and Paul that was founded by St Eadburh some time before 748 to house the original shrine of St Mildrith (© Rob Baldwin)


 

Mildrith was Princess Æbbe’s daughter and thus a great granddaughter of King Eadbald and great great niece of Queen Æthelburh.  Through her father Merewalh she was also a princess of Mercia, since his father was the King Penda who had killed her great great uncle King Edwin of Northumbria at the Battle of Hatfield Chase in 633 or 634.

Æbbe sent Mildrith away to the monastery at Chelles in Francia (the area now largely occupied by France) in order to learn the way of being a nun. At that time in the 670s and 680s, monasticism was much more developed in Francia than it was amongst the Early Medieval English kingdoms. Mildrith would have learned not just what it was like to be a nun but would also have seen what it meant to run an abbey and to support the spiritual interests of the ruling family, her royal cousins in Francia.

Upon her return to Kent, Mildrith joined her mother at Minster, where by 694 she had become abbess. She died sometime after 732 and was initially buried in the abbey church of St Mary. However subsequently her successor Eadburh founded a new abbey dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul, where the abbey in Minster stands today, and Mildrith’s remains were translated there by around 748.

Mildrith became a very popular local saint and her shrine was the subject of much pilgrimage during the Early Medieval period. However, by the 11th Century, most of the old Kentish royal monasteries had been taken over by other monasteries and the abbey in Minster had come into the possession of St Augustine’s Abbey in Canterbury. In 1030, the Abbot of St Augustine’s led a party of monks to seize St Mildrith’s relics and carry them back to Canterbury. When the residents of Thanet living around Minster learned what was happening they banded together and attacked the monks who beat a hasty retreat. However, the monks had already achieved what they had set out to do and they carried away St Mildrith who remained ever afterwards at St Augustine’s Abbey in Canterbury.

Shrine of St Mildrith at St Augustine's AbbeyShrine of St Mildrith in St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury (third from bottom on the left), illustrated in the early 14th Century by Thomas of Elmham in his History of St Augustine's Abbey (© Trinity Hall, Cambridge)

The church dedications to St Mildrith in the Pas de Calais suggest that her influence extended across the English Channel, either in life or in death.  In the 11th Century, she was popular enough that a relic of St Mildrith was given to the church at Deventer in what is now the Netherlands.  Miraculously, this survived.  After a Benedictine convent was re-founded in 1937 at Minster on the site of the abbey, the relic was returned to its original home in 1953.  Remarkably, therefore, the shrine of St Mildrith at Minster holds once again part of the relics that were first translated there in the middle of the 8th Century.

This page is managed by Lyminge Parish Council Historic Environment Working Group